Background: Improvement in professional advancement opportunities may reduce turnover and improve retention for perfusionists.However, the current literature lacks examples of professional advancement models (PAMs) for perfusionists.Methods: This review looks at examples from other healthcare fields to provide the rationale and develop a framework

Nowadays Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is really a new technology of forming metal sheet after its formation and long development in about five decades.Although it was invented in, 1967 by Leszak, an American inventor, but the applications of the innovative technology have just been popular from 1990 because of the advance of controlling